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THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 387-399 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021414

Abstract:

Modern agriculture needs to develop transition pathways toward agroecological, resilient and sustainable farming systems. One key pathway for such agroecological intensification is the diversification of cropping systems using intercropping and notably cereal-grain legume mixtures. Such mixtures or intercrops have the potential to increase and stabilize yields and improve cereal grain protein concentration in comparison to sole crops. Species mixtures are complex and the 4C approach is both a pedagogical and scientific way to represent the combination of four joint effects of Competition, Complementarity, Cooperation, and Compensation as processes or effects occurring simultaneously and dynamically between species over the whole cropping cycle. Competition is when plants have fairly similar requirements for abiotic resources in space and time, the result of all processes that occur when one species has a greater ability to use limiting resources (e.g., nutrients, water, space, light) than others. Complementarity is when plants grown together have different requirements for abiotic resources in space, time or form. Cooperation is when the modification of the environment by one species is beneficial to the other(s). Compensation is when the failure of one species is compensated by the other(s) because they differ in their sensitivity to abiotic stress. The 4C approach allows to assess the performance of arable intercropping versus classical sole cropping through understanding the use of abiotic resources.

 

Keywords： compensation     competition     complementarity     cooperation     interspecific interactions     land equivalent    

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INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 373-386 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021398

Abstract:

Intercropping is a traditional farming system that increases crop diversity to strengthen agroecosystem functions while decreasing chemical inputs and minimizing negative environmental effects of crop production. Intercropping is currently considerable interest because of its importance in sustainable agriculture. Here, we synthesize the factors that make intercropping a sustainable means of food production by integrating biodiversity of natural ecosystems and crop diversity. In addition to well-known yield increases, intercropping can also increase yield stability over the long term and increase systemic resistance to plant diseases, pests and other unfavorable factors (e.g. nutrient deficiencies). The efficient use of resources can save mineral fertilizer inputs, reduce environmental pollution risks and greenhouse gas emissions caused by agriculture, thus mitigating global climate change. Intercropping potentially increases above- and below-ground biodiversity of various taxa at field scale, consequently it enhances ecosystem services. Complementarity and selection effects allow a better understanding the mechanisms behind enhanced ecosystem functioning. The development of mechanization is essential for large-scale application of intercropping. Agroecosystem multifunctionality and soil health should be priority topics in future research on intercropping.

 

Keywords： agroecosystems ， crop diversity ，intercropping，interspecific interactions，sustainable agriculture    

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Pt–C interactions in carbon-supported Pt-based electrocatalysts

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 11,   Pages 1677-1697 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2300-5

Abstract: catalysts, with special emphasis being given to how activity and stability enhancements are related to Pt–C interactions

Keywords： Pt–C interactions     Pt-based materials     carbon support     electrocatalysis    

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Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 5, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1660-x

Abstract:

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%.

Keywords： Elevated salinity     Activated sludge system     Pollution removal     Microbial interactions     Competitive relationship    

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Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 5,   Pages 787-793 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0526-z

Abstract: Water and energy are inextricably linked, and as a consequence both have to be addressed together. This is called the water-energy nexus. When access to either is limited, it becomes obvious that it is necessary to consider their interdependence. Population growth, climate change, urbanization, increasing living standards and food consumption will require an integrated approach where food, water and energy security are considered together. In this paper we examine water, energy and food security and their couplings. The nexus also creates conflicts between water use, energy extraction and generation as well as food production. Some of these conflicts are illustrated. It is argued that there is an urgent need for integrated planning and operation. Not only will better technology be needed, but also better integration of policies, organizations and political decisions.

Keywords： water security     energy security     food security     water-energy nexus     water conflicts    

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Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 90-98 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1550-2

Abstract: Particularly, microfluidic chip is helpful for better understanding cell-cell interactions.

Keywords： microfluidic chip     co-culture     cell-cell interactions     review    

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SUSTAINABLE CROP AND PASTURE SYSTEMS: FROM ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 167-169 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022446

Abstract: systems requires deeper and comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying above- and belowground interactionsfurther explored synergies or trade-offs of ecosystem services regulated by above- and belowground interactionslivestock manure, permanent soil cover and less disturbance of soil—which promote soil food web interactionsHis research focuses on understanding plant–soil interactions and plant nutrition, with an emphasis
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Biopolymer-stabilized emulsions on the basis of interactions between β -lactoglobulin and ι -carrageenan

Qiaomei RU, Younghee CHO, Qingrong HUANG,

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 399-406 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0253-y

Abstract: -Carrageenan and -lactoglobulin (-lg) stabilized oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, which can be used for the oral administration of bioactive but environmentally sensitive ingredients, have been successfully prepared. The effects of protein/polysaccharide ratios, total biopolymer concentration, environmental stress (thermal processing and sonication), and pH on the complex formation between -carrageenan and -lactoglobulin have been investigated. We found that -lactoglobulin and-carrageenan stabilized emulsions can be formed at pH values of 6.0, 4.0, and 3.4. However, the microstructures of emulsions stabilized by -lactoglobulin and -carrageenan was identified by optical microscopy, and it indicated that the emulsion prepared at pH 6.0 flocculated more extensively, while its hydrodynamic radius was much bigger than those prepared at pH 4.0 and 3.4. Regarding rheological properties, the emulsion of pH 6.0 showed a more solid-like behavior but with a lower viscosity than those of pH 4.0 and 3.4. The optimum concentration ranges for -lg and-carrageenan to form stable emulsions at pH 4.0 and 3.4 were 0.3wt-%―0.6wt-% and 0.4wt-%―0.7wt-%, respectively.
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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

Abstract: genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactionsfrom a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogensThen, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactionsanticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions

Keywords： plant–pathogen interactions     systems biology     omics     plant immunity     protein–protein interaction     network    

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Analysis of interactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors with antibiotics in cancer therapy

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3,   Pages 307-321 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0927-0

Abstract: This review focuses on the interactions between immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics, with an

Keywords： tumor immunotherapy     immune checkpoint inhibitor     antibiotics     gut microbiota     drug–drug interaction    

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Differences in distributions, assembly mechanisms, and putative interactions of AOB and NOB at a large

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10, doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1722-0

Abstract:

● Nitrifiers in WWTP were investigated at large spatial scale.

Keywords： Activated sludge     Spatial distributions     Microbial assembly     Co-occurrence patterns     Nitrifying bacteria    

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Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”

Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0916-8

Abstract: . · Interactions are suggested to incorporate when they are significant and repeated.This difference from additivity is commonly referred to as being a consequence of specific interactionsThe science of how to quantify metal interactions and whether to include them in risk assessment modelsIncorporation of interactions between metals in a model does not on forehand mean that the model is more

Keywords： Metal     Mixtures     Toxicity     Additivity     Modeling     Interactions    

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of the transport and fate of airborne droplets in a ventilated office: The role of droplet−droplet interactions

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1465-8

Abstract:

• Coulomb and Lennard−Jones forces were considered for droplet interactions

Keywords： Droplet interactions     Aerosols     Colloids     CFD     Transport     Fate    

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Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 4, doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1357-3

Abstract: Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactionsUnderstanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effectiveThis review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of builtSARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions

Keywords： Microbiome     Built Environment     Occupant     Health    

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The effect of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between

Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013, Volume 7, Issue 4,   Pages 464-471 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1356-z

Abstract: The role of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between

Keywords： steel ball     galvanic interaction     pyrite     chalcopyrite     polarization curves    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

THE 4C APPROACH AS A WAY TO UNDERSTAND SPECIES INTERACTIONS DETERMINING INTERCROPPING PRODUCTIVITY

Journal Article

INTERCROPPING: FEED MORE PEOPLE AND BUILD MORE SUSTAINABLE AGROECOSYSTEMS

Journal Article

Pt–C interactions in carbon-supported Pt-based electrocatalysts

Journal Article

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

Journal Article

Water, energy and food interactions–Challenges and opportunities

Gustaf OLSSON

Journal Article

Microfluidics for cell-cell interactions: A review

Rui Li,Xuefei Lv,Xingjian Zhang,Omer Saeed,Yulin Deng

Journal Article

SUSTAINABLE CROP AND PASTURE SYSTEMS: FROM ABOVE- AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS TO ECOSYSTEM MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

Journal Article

Biopolymer-stabilized emulsions on the basis of interactions between β -lactoglobulin and ι -carrageenan

Qiaomei RU, Younghee CHO, Qingrong HUANG,

Journal Article

Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

Journal Article

Analysis of interactions of immune checkpoint inhibitors with antibiotics in cancer therapy

Journal Article

Differences in distributions, assembly mechanisms, and putative interactions of AOB and NOB at a large

Journal Article

Toxicity models of metal mixtures established on the basis of “additivity” and “interactions”

Yang Liu,Martina G. Vijver,Bo Pan,Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg

Journal Article

of the transport and fate of airborne droplets in a ventilated office: The role of droplet−droplet interactions

Journal Article

Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Shuai Li, Zhiyao Yang, Da Hu, Liu Cao, Qiang He

Journal Article

The effect of pH, solid content, water chemistry and ore mineralogy on the galvanic interactions between

Asghar Azizi, Seid Ziaoddin Shafaei, Mohammad Noaparast, Mohammad Karamoozian

Journal Article